The NF (Nachfeld or “post-field”) contains prosodically heavy elements such as postposed prepositional phrases or relative clauses, and occasionally postposed noun phrases .

The model of Elsner and Charniak (2007) uses syntactic cues to model the discourse-newness of noun phrases .

Since noun phrases can be embedded in other noun phrases , overlaps can occur.

Our method correctly determines the matching words between two sentences using corresponding noun phrases .

spondences of noun phrases between MT outputs and references using chunking.

Secondly, the system calculates word-level scores based on the correct matched words using the determined correspondences of noun phrases .

2.1 Correspondence of Noun Phrases by Chunking

Using noun phrases produced by chunking, our method yields the correct word correspondences and determines the similarity between two sentences in terms of the noun phrase order of appearance.

This paper presents a supervised approach for identifying generic noun phrases in context.

Generic expressions come in two basic forms: generic noun phrases and generic sentences.

According to the second view, generic noun phrases denote kinds.

We are not aware of any detailed assessment of the proportion of generic noun phrases in educational text genres or ency-clopaedic resources like Wikipedia.

Referential clarity: It should be easy to identify who or what the pronouns and noun phrases in the summary are referring to.

In this class, we include features that reflect the modification properties of noun phrases (NPs) in the summary that are first mentions to people.

Noun phrases can include pre-modifiers, apposi-tives, prepositional phrases, etc.

These include sentence length, number of fragments, average lengths of the a’iflerent types of syntactic phrases, total length of modifiers in noun phrases , and various other syntactic features.

An open information extractor is a function from a document, d, to a set of triples, {(argl, rel, arg2>}, where the args are noun phrases and rel is a textual fragment indicating an implicit, semantic relation between the two noun phrases .

Given the article on “Stanford University,” for example, the matcher should associate (established, 1 8 91) with the sentence “The university was founded in 1891 by Given a Wikipedia page with an infobox, the matcher iterates through all its attributes looking for a unique sentence that contains references to both the subject of the article and the attribute value; these noun phrases will be annotated argl and argg in the training set.

Second, it rejects the sentence if the subject and/or attribute value are not heads of the noun phrases containing them.

WOEparse uses a pattern learner to classify whether the shortest dependency path between two noun phrases indicates a semantic relation.

Compound noun phrases can nest inside each other, creating bracketing ambiguities:

The structure of such compound noun phrases is left underspecified in the Penn Treebank (PTB), because the annotation procedure involved stitching together partial parses produced by the Fid-ditch parser (Hindle, 1983), which produced flat brackets for these constructions.

Vadas and Curran (2007) addressed this by manually annotating all of the ambiguous noun phrases in the PTB, and went on to use this information to correct 20,409 dependencies (1.95%) in CCGbank (Vadas and Curran, 2008).

Partitive constructions are not given special treatment in the PTB, and were analysed as noun phrases with a PP modifier in CCGbank:

This resulted in a vocabulary of about 32,000 noun phrases , and a set of about 2.4 million tuples in our generalization corpus.

For each of the 500 observed tuples in the test-set we generated a pseudo-negative tuple by randomly sampling two noun phrases from the distribution of NPs in both corpora.

2 Our task is to compute, for each argument ai of each relation r, a set of usual argument values ( noun phrases ) that it takes.

Readers familiar with topic modeling terminology can understand our approach as follows: we treat each relation as a document whose contents consist of a bags of words corresponding to all the noun phrases observed as arguments of the relation in our corpus.

Named entity recognizers perform semantic tagging on proper name noun phrases , and

The mention detection task was introduced in recent ACE evaluations (e.g., (ACE, 2007; ACE, 2008)) and requires systems to identify all noun phrases (proper names, nominals, and pronouns) that correspond to 5-7 semantic classes.

We defined annotation guidelines6 for each semantic category and conducted an inter-annotator agreement study to measure the consistency of the two domain experts on 30 message board posts, which contained 1,473 noun phrases .