o dependency path between a’s head and the predicate

o the set of dependency labels of the predicate’s children 0 dependency path conjoined with the POS tag of a’s head

0 dependency path conjoined with the word cluster of a’s head

second example, for the predicate run, the agent The athlete is not a direct dependent, but is connected via a longer dependency path .

Dependency Paths To capture more relevant context, we developed a second context function as follows.

We scanned the training data for a given task (either the PropBank or the FrameNet domains) for the dependency paths that connected the gold predicates to the gold semantic arguments.

The similarity of two sentences is defined as the bag-of-words similarity of the dependency paths connecting arguments.

o (3) Syntactic features representing the dependency path between two arguments, such as “subj”, “pred”, “modJiprep” and “objprep” (between arguments “antibiotic” and “lyme disease”) in Figure 2.

0 (5) Topic features modeling the words in the dependency path .

In the example given in Figure 2, the dependency path contains the following words: “be”, “standard therapy” and “for”.

(2009), we include the notion of verb and noun supports and sections of the dependency path .

This highlights an important advantage of the pipeline trained model: the features can consider any part of the syntax (e. g., arbitrary sub-trees), whereas the joint model is limited to those features over which it can efficiently marginalize (e.g., short dependency paths ).

Even at the expense of no dependency path features, the joint models best pipeline-trained models for state-of-the-art performance in the low-resource setting (§ 4.4).

(2009), who utilize features on syntactic siblings and the dependency path concatenated with the direction of each edge.

entity types, a dependency path and maybe a span word, if g has one.

Each guideline g={gi|i=1,2,3} consists of a pair of semantic types, a dependency path , and optionally a span word and is associated with a particular relation r(g).

Table 3: Performance of a MaxEnt, trained on hand-labeled data using all features (Surdeanu et al., 2011) vs using a subset of two (types of entities, dependency path ), or three (adding a span word) features, and evaluated on the test set.

The syntactic rules correspond to the shortest dependency paths between an opinion word and an extracted mention.

We consider the 10 most frequent dependency paths in the training data.

Example dependency paths include nsubj(opinion, mention), nobj(opinion, mention), and am0d(mention, opinion).