| Abstract | After the equations for all components are combined to form the composite model, a subset of parameters is tuned, often arbitrarily and by hand, until the model output matches a target objective, such as an action potential . |
| GA optimization using a single action potential | GA optimization using a single action potential |
| GA optimization using a single action potential | Traditionally, one of the main criteria for cardiac electrophysiology model quality is the ability of a model to describe the cardiac action potential . |
| GA optimization using a single action potential | Therefore, we first ran the parameter estimation using a single FR model action potential as the target objective. |
| Introduction | Even in myocytes from the same region of the heart, there is considerable cell-to-cell variability in the action potential , presumably stemming from different levels of ion channel densities. |
| Introduction | This step typically requires tuning of model parameters to reproduce Whole-cell behavior; this tuning is usually done manually in a laborious, iterative tweaking process, Which ends When the model output (e.g., an action potential ) subjectively is deemed to adequately match the experimental counterparts. |
| Introduction | Given the relatively simple dynamics (e.g., often a single action potential ) to which the models are tuned, models often fare poorly When attempting to simulate more complex behaviors (e.g., fibrillatory dynamics, drug block, or pacing interventions) [7,12—14]. |