| Introduction | Our approach is to model single cells that are capable of growth and division, and grow them in in sil-ico cell cultures . |
| Supporting Information | Shown are distributions of generation times (duration of one cell cycle) for fast growing cells (glucose) of the entire cell culture (all), daughters only (age 0), mothers of different ages (ages 1—6) and the sum of all mothers (mothers) for Model-1 (red medians) and Model-2 (blue medians). |
| Supporting Information | Values of the entire cell culture (all) for Model-1 (red) and Model-2 (blue) are also indicated (median, mean and mean calculated for the log-transformed distributions). |
| Supporting Information | Values of the entire cell culture (all) for Model-1 (red) and Model-2 (blue) are also indicated (median, mean and mean calculated for the log-transformed distributions). |
| The model | To model entire asynchronously growing cell cultures , however, we developed an algorithm to simultaneously simulate a growing ensemble of the single cell models [32]. |
| The model | Simulation of cell cultures in different nutrients is implemented through the parameter growth, which is used to scale the biomass formation to control the nutrient availability of the system (Tables 1 and 2). |
| Introduction | A striking observation emerging from these studies is the cell-cell variability in bacterial uptake: Isogenic host cells cultivated under the same conditions show differences in the number of bacteria that will invade. |
| Mammalian cell culture and infection | Mammalian cell culture and infection |
| RNA extraction and qPCR | Induced and uninduced samples were cultured for additional 5 hours at 37°C, then RNA samples were isolated from the cell cultures using RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN, cat. |
| Variability in invasin-mediated bacterial uptake | We modified a previous cell culture protocol to measure bacterial uptake by HeLa human cervical cancer-derived cells [16]. |
| Introduction | However, it has been demonstrated that cyto-kine concentrations are not always well mixed, and locally higher cytokine concentrations can occur also in eX vivo T cell cultures [12]. |
| ln-silico Th cell culture exhibits localized paracrine lL-2 signaling | ln-silico Th cell culture exhibits localized paracrine lL-2 signaling |
| ln-silico Th cell culture exhibits localized paracrine lL-2 signaling | Measured cytokine concentrations in serum or in supernatants of ex-vivo T cell cultures are typically in the picomolar range [2,3]. |
| ln-silico Th cell culture exhibits localized paracrine lL-2 signaling | These findings were supported by experimental data from primary T cells cultured ex vivo [4]. |