Methods | Minor modifications are introduced to account for the IV drip protocol or dynamics of a mixture consisting of two subpopulations (81 Text). |
Predictive power of the recovery time in mixed populations | In the other, two subpopulations display different degrees of collective antibiotic tolerance. |
Predictive power of the recovery time in mixed populations | Case 11: A mixture consisting of two distinct subpopulations that are both sensitive to the antibiotic. |
Predictive power of the recovery time in mixed populations | Here, the divergence between the two subpopulations is much less than that between normal and persister cells. |
Supporting Information | The model represents a mixed population With equal starting densities of two subpopulations |
Supporting Information | Although this model accounts for two distinct subpopulations , it could be extended to multiple populations displaying some degree of collective antibiotic tolerance. |
Supporting Information | Both subpopulations start at the same starting density (0.05) and start to lyse due to antibiotic. |
AMSN | Here, we considered only those parameter ranges for which neither of the two subpopulations was completely shut down by mutual and/ or recurrent inhibition, because that would be a trivial solution of the network dynamics, which is also not supported by the experimental data [8]. |
D1 MSNs require overall stronger input from cortex than D2 MSNs | These inequalities imply that if the two MSN subpopulations receive the same amount of excitatory input, D2 MSNs will always have a higher firing rate. |
D1 MSNs require overall stronger input from cortex than D2 MSNs | To estimate how much additional excitation would be required for D1 MSNs to have their firing rates exceed over those of D2 MSNs, we systematically varied the drive of cortical inputs to D1 and D2 MSNs and calculated the response firing rates of the two subpopulations , for the firing rate model (Fig 2). |
Effect of symmetrical FSI projections on the DTT | In this case, the inhibition from FSIs is considered same to be the same to both MSN subpopulations (I11: 2 I21: 2 I F). |
Effect of symmetrical FSI projections on the DTT | That is, When I11: 2 IZF = I F the recurrent connectivity between the two MSN subpopulations (D1 and D2) becomes a more important determinant of the sign of AMSN. |
Effect of symmetrical FSI projections on the DTT | In the multiplicative input scenario, When FSI projections to the D1 and D2 MSN subpopulations are equally strong (IIF 2 I21: 2 IF), the Eqs 13 and 14 reduce to: where commeff is the common FSI feedforward inhibition to both types of MSNs. |
Introduction | However, a complete shutdown of activity in either of the two neuron subpopulations might not occur in awake behaving animals [8]. |
Introduction | Moreover, the striatal circuit also shows a highly specific connectivity in terms of the mutual inhibition between the MSN subpopulations [14, 15] and the feedforward inhibition from FSIs [16]. |
Modulation of the DTT by cortical input correlations | Interestingly, when input firing rates result in equal output f1r-ing rates of D1 and D2 MSNs, a modulation in W could break the symmetry and increase the firing rate of either one of the two MSN subpopulations . |
Results | In this framework, the decision making process in the striatum is mediated by the selective activation of one of the two MSN (D1 or D2) subpopulations . |
Results | However, recent eXperimental data suggest that such complete shutdown of activity in either one of the two neuron subpopulations may not occur in awake behaving animals [8]. |
Supporting Information | Shown are the major axes and mean of GFP+ subpopulations from (A). |
Supporting Information | Shown on right are the major axes of GFP+ subpopulations scaled by their respective MOI. |
The probability of invasin-mediated uptake is invariant | With increasing bacterial MOI, the major axes of GFP+ subpopulations were shifted towards higher GFP levels, consistent with an overall increase in uptake, and towards lower Bl-integrin levels, indicative of a reduced threshold of receptors required for uptake. |