| Abbreviator with Nonlocal Information | Feature templates #4 to #7 in Table l are used for Chinese abbreviations. |
| Abbreviator with Nonlocal Information | Feature templates #8—#11 are designed for English abbreviations. |
| Abbreviator with Nonlocal Information | Since the number of letters in Chinese (more than 10K characters) is much larger than the number of letters in English (26 letters), in order to avoid a possible overfitting problem, we did not apply these feature templates to Chinese abbreviations. |
| Experiments | We employ the feature templates defined in Section 2.3, taking into account these 81,827 features for the Chinese abbreviation generation task, and the 50,149 features for the English abbreviation generation task. |
| Recognition as a Generation Task | In implementing the recognizer, we simply use the model from the abbreviation generator, with the same feature templates (31,868 features) and training method; the major difference is in the restriction (according to the PE) of the decoding stage and penalizing the probability values of the NULL labelings7. |