In this meta-analysis across 148 studies, we ask whether it is possible to identify patterns that differentiate five emotion categories—fear, anger, disgust, sadness, and happiness—in a way that is consistent across studies.

Bayesian Spatial Point Processes (BSPP) for Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis

The BSPP is built on a hierarchical marked independent cluster process designed for functional neuroimaging meta-analysis [38].

Meta-analysis is uniquely suited to addressing our two questions because it examines findings from many studies and laboratories that utilize different procedures, stimuli, and samples.

The BSPP model differs from standard univariate [12,13,39] and co-activation based [40,41] approaches to meta-analysis in several fundamental ways.

We test model performance against the reported impact of PCV7 on childhood IPD in high-income countries from a recent meta-analysis .

We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis to obtain the odds of pre-PCV7 VT carriage in the respective settings.

Where multiple studies on nasopharyngeal carriage were conducted within different subsets of the same population that were monitored for IPD, the results from those studies were combined via a Bayesian random effects meta-analysis .

Respective studies were pooled through Bayesian random effects meta-analysis to provide a single estimate of the proportion of VT among carriers for each setting (Table 1 and $2 Fig).

Where the proportion of VT carriers was derived through the Bayesian meta-analysis we drew the bootstrap samples from the respective posterior distribution instead (S2 Fig).