| Discussion | Although we focus on the output of L5 pyramidal neurons, other neurons in the cortical column such as L2/ 3 pyramidal neurons also support Ca2+ dendritic electrogene-sis and NMDA spiking [27] , extend tuft dendrites into the upper layers, and, importantly, have long-range axons which project to other cortical areas. |
| Introduction | These cells uniquely possess dendrites spanning all cortical layers and receive both long-range excitatory and local excitatory and inhibitory inputs [1]. |
| Introduction | Alongside these long-range axons, reciprocal excitatory connections also exist [1]. |