Index of papers in Proc. ACL that mention
  • part-of-speech tags
Kozhevnikov, Mikhail and Titov, Ivan
Background and Motivation
(2011) successfully apply this idea to the transfer of dependency parsers, using part-of-speech tags as the shared representation of words.
Model Transfer
This setup requires that we use the same feature representation for both languages, for example part-of-speech tags and dependency relation labels should be from the same inventory.
Model Transfer
In this study we will confine ourselves to those features that are applicable to all languages in question, namely: part-of-speech tags , syntactic dependency structures and representations of the word’s identity.
Model Transfer
Part-of-speech Tags .
Setup
We also assume that the predicate identification information is available — in most languages it can be obtained using a relatively simple heuristic based on part-of-speech tags .
Setup
(2011), we assume that a part-of-speech tagger is available for the target language.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 14 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Snyder, Benjamin and Naseem, Tahira and Barzilay, Regina
Introduction
Multilingual learning has been successful for other linguistic induction tasks such as lexicon acquisition, morphological segmentation, and part-of-speech tagging (Genzel, 2005; Snyder and Barzilay, 2008; Snyder et al., 2008; Snyder
Introduction
lingual constituent, a sequence of part-of-speech tags is drawn from a language-specific distribution.
Model
We treat the part-of-speech tag sequences of parallel sentences, as well as their
Model
While this model is deficient —each observed subsequence of part-of-speech tags is generated many times over — its performance is far higher than that of unsupervised PCFGs.
Model
In the next section we turn to the problem of inference under this model when only the part-of-speech tag sequences of parallel sentences and their word-level alignments are observed.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 6 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Shen, Mo and Liu, Hongxiao and Kawahara, Daisuke and Kurohashi, Sadao
Conclusion
A Cascaded Linear Model for Joint Chinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-speech Tagging .
Conclusion
and Part-of-speech Tagging .
Conclusion
Chinese Part-of-speech Tagging : One-at—a-time or All-at-once?
Introduction
Tagset for character-level part-of-speech tagging .
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 5 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Constant, Matthieu and Sigogne, Anthony and Watrin, Patrick
Evaluation
The part-of-speech tagger used to extract POS features was lgtagger7 (Constant and Sigogne, 2011).
MWE-dedicated Features
We associate each word with its part-of-speech tags found in our external morphological lexicon.
MWE-dedicated Features
Table 2: Feature templates (f) used both in the MWER and the reranker models: n is the current position in the sentence, is the word at position i; is the part-of-speech tag of w(z’); if the word at absolute position i is part of a compound in the Shortest Path Segmentation, mwt(i) and mws(i) are respectively the part-of-speech tag and the internal structure of the compound, mwpos(i) indicates its relative position in the compound (B or I).
Multiword expressions
In this paper, we focus on contiguous MWEs that form a lexical unit which can be marked by a part-of-speech tag (e. g. at night is an adverb, because of is a preposition).
Two strategies, two discriminative models
Constant and Sigogne (2011) proposed to combine MWE segmentation and part-of-speech tagging into a single sequence labelling task by assigning to each token a tag of the form TAG+X where TAG is the part-of-speech (POS) of the leXical unit the token belongs to and X is either B (i.e.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 5 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Mintz, Mike and Bills, Steven and Snow, Rion and Jurafsky, Daniel
Features
Part-of-speech tags were assigned by a maximum entropy tagger trained on the Penn Tree-bank, and then simplified into seven categories: nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, numbers, foreign words, and everything else.
Features
Part-of-speech tags are not included in the dependency path.
Previous work
Hearst (1992) used a small number of regular expressions over words and part-of-speech tags to find examples of the hypernym relation.
Previous work
such as Ravichandran and Hovy (2002) and Pantel and Pennacchiotti (2006) use the same formalism of learning regular expressions over words and part-of-speech tags to discover patterns indicating a variety of relations.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 4 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Severyn, Aliaksei and Moschitti, Alessandro and Uryupina, Olga and Plank, Barbara and Filippova, Katja
Representations and models
In particular, our shallow tree structure is a two-level syntactic hierarchy built from word lemmas (leaves) and part-of-speech tags that are further grouped into chunks (Fig.
Representations and models
As full syntactic parsers such as constituency or dependency tree parsers would significantly degrade in performance on noisy texts, e.g., Twitter or YouTube comments, we opted for shallow structures, which rely on simpler and more robust components: a part-of-speech tagger and a chunker.
Representations and models
Hence, we use the CMU Twitter pos-tagger (Gimpel et al., 2011; Owoputi et al., 2013) to obtain the part-of-speech tags .
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 4 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Kozareva, Zornitsa and Hovy, Eduard
Bootstrapping Recursive Patterns
We noticed that despite the specific lexico-syntactic structure of the patterns, erroneous information can be acquired due to part-of-speech tagging errors or flawed facts on the Web.
Results
wrong part-of-speech tag none of the above
Results
The majority of the occurred errors are due to part-of-speech tagging .
Semantic Relations
In total, we collected 30GB raw data which was part-of-speech tagged and used for the argument and supertype extraction.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 4 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Riesa, Jason and Marcu, Daniel
Features
We employ a separate instance of this feature for each English part-of-speech tag : p( f | e, t).
Features
link (e, f) if the part-of-speech tag of e is t. The conditional probabilities in this table are computed from our parse trees and the baseline Model 4 alignments.
Features
These fire for for each link (e, f) and part-of-speech tag .
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 4 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Banko, Michele and Etzioni, Oren
Experimental Results
A large number of false negatives on the part of O-CRF can be attributed to its lack of lexical features, which are often crucial when part-of-speech tagging errors are present.
Experimental Results
nize the positive instance, despite the incorrect part-of-speech tag .
Relation Extraction
The set of features used by O-CRF is largely similar to those used by O-NB and other state-of-the-art relation extraction systems, They include part-of-speech tags (predicted using a separately trained maximum-entropy model), regular expressions (e. g.detecting capitalization, punctuation, eta), context words, and conjunctions of features occurring in adjacent positions within six words to the left and six words to the right of the current word.
Relation Extraction
O-CRF was built using the CRF implementation provided by MALLET (McCallum, 2002), as well as part-of-speech tagging and phrase-chunking tools available from OPENNLP.2
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 4 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Lin, Dekang and Wu, Xiaoyun
Introduction
They have become the workhorse in almost all subareas and components of NLP, including part-of-speech tagging , chunking, named entity recognition and parsing.
Named Entity Recognition
Part-of-speech tags were used in the top-ranked systems in CoNLL 2003, as well as in many follow up studies that used the data set (Ando and Zhang 2005; Suzuki and Isozaki 2008).
Named Entity Recognition
LDC refers to the clusters created with the smaller LDC corpus and +pos indicates the use of part-of-speech tags as features.
Named Entity Recognition
The Top CoNLL 2003 systems all employed gazetteers or other types of specialized resources (e.g., lists of words that tend to co-occur with certain named entity types) in addition to part-of-speech tags .
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 4 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Pasupat, Panupong and Liang, Percy
Approach
For example, we can map each DOM tree node onto an integer equal to the number of children, or map each entity string onto its part-of-speech tag sequence.
Approach
On the other hand, random words on the web page tend to have more diverse lengths and part-of-speech tags .
Approach
o PHRASEPOS and WORDPOS ( part-of-speech tags for whole phrases and individual words)
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Ma, Xuezhe and Xia, Fei
Data and Tools
3.3 Part-of-Speech Tagging
Data and Tools
As part-of-speech tags are also a form of syntactic analysis, this assumption weakens the applicability of our approach.
Our Approach
By reducing unaligned edges to their deleXicalized forms, we can still use those deleXicalized features, such as part-of-speech tags , for those unaligned edges, and can address problem that automatically generated word alignments include errors.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Lei, Tao and Xin, Yu and Zhang, Yuan and Barzilay, Regina and Jaakkola, Tommi
Introduction
For instance, morphological properties are closely tied to part-of-speech tags , which in turn relate to positional features.
Introduction
The power of the low-rank model becomes evident in the absence of any part-of-speech tags .
Results
Syntactic Abstraction without POS Since our model learns a compressed representation of feature vectors, we are interested to measure its performance when part-of-speech tags are not provided (See Table 4).
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Hall, David and Durrett, Greg and Klein, Dan
Features
features on preterminal part-of-speech tags .
Introduction
An independent classification approach is actually very viable for part-of-speech tagging (Toutanova et al., 2003), but is problematic for parsing — if nothing else, parsing comes with a structural requirement that the output be a well-formed, nested tree.
Other Languages
These part-of-speech taggers often incorporate substantial knowledge of each language’s morphology.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Nakashole, Ndapandula and Tylenda, Tomasz and Weikum, Gerhard
Detection of New Entities
To detect noun phrases that potentially refer to entities, we apply a part-of-speech tagger to the input text.
Evaluation
HYENA’s relatively poor performance can be attributed to the fact that its features are mainly syntactic such as bi-grams and part-of-speech tags .
Related Work
All methods use trained classifiers over a variety of linguistic features, most importantly, words and bigrams with part-of-speech tags in a mention and in the textual context preceding and following the mention.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
McDonald, Ryan and Nivre, Joakim and Quirmbach-Brundage, Yvonne and Goldberg, Yoav and Das, Dipanjan and Ganchev, Kuzman and Hall, Keith and Petrov, Slav and Zhang, Hao and Täckström, Oscar and Bedini, Claudia and Bertomeu Castelló, Núria and Lee, Jungmee
Experiments
We use the features of Zhang and Nivre (2011), except that all lexical identities are dropped from the templates during training and testing, hence inducing a ‘delexicalized’ model that employs only ‘universal’ properties from source-side treebanks, such as part-of-speech tags , labels, head-modifier distance, etc.
Introduction
In the context of part-of-speech tagging , universal representations, such as that of Petrov et al.
Towards A Universal Treebank
For both English and Swedish, we mapped the language-specific part-of-speech tags to universal tags using the mappings of Petrov et al.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Zollmann, Andreas and Vogel, Stephan
Experiments
This is due to the fact that for the source-tag based approach, a given chart cell in the CYK decoder, represented by a start and end position in the source sentence, almost uniquely determines the nonterminal any hypothesis in this cell can have: Disregarding part-of-speech tag ambiguity and phrase size accounting, that nonterminal will be the composition of the tags of the start and end source words spanned by that cell.
Hard rule labeling from word classes
Extension to a bilingually tagged corpus While the availability of syntactic annotations for both source and target language is unlikely in most translation scenarios, some form of word tags, be it part-of-speech tags or learned word clusters (cf.
Hard rule labeling from word classes
Consider again our example sentence pair (now also annotated with source-side part-of-speech tags ):
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Cirik, Volkan
Abstract
Part-of-speech tagging is a crucial preliminary process in many natural language processing applications.
Abstract
Because many words in natural languages have more than one part-of-speech tag , resolving part-of-speech ambiguity is an important task.
Algorithm
Previous work (Yatbaz et al., 2012) demonstrates that clustering substitute vectors of all word types alone has limited success in predicting part-of-speech tag of a word.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Boros, Tiberiu and Ion, Radu and Tufis, Dan
Abstract
Standard methods for part-of-speech tagging suffer from data sparseness when used on highly inflectional languages (which require large lexical tagset inventories).
Abstract
Several neural network architectures have been proposed for the task of part-of-speech tagging .
Abstract
We presented a new approach for large tagset part-of-speech tagging using neural networks.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Chen, Wenliang and Zhang, Min and Li, Haizhou
Implementation Details
We first perform word segmentation (if needed) and part-of-speech tagging .
Implementation Details
After that, we obtain the word-segmented sentences with the part-of-speech tags .
Parsing with dependency language model
The feature templates are outlined in Table l, where TYPE refers to one of the typeszPL or PR, h_pos refers to the part-of-speech tag of :1: h, h_word refers to the lexical form of :1: h, ch_pos refers to the part-of-speech tag of mch, and ch_word refers to the lexical form of mm.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Bodenstab, Nathan and Dunlop, Aaron and Hall, Keith and Roark, Brian
Introduction
Prior work incorporating parse structure into machine translation (Chiang, 2010) and Semantic Role Labeling (Tsai et al., 2005; Punyakanok et al., 2008) indicate that such hierarchical structure can have great benefit over shallow labeling techniques like chunking and part-of-speech tagging .
Open/Closed Cell Classification
The feature vector :13 is encoded with the chart cell’s absolute and relative span width, as well as unigram and bigram lexical and part-of-speech tag items from wi_1 .
Results
Figure 4 contains a timing comparison of the three components of our final parser: Boundary FOM initialization (which includes the forward-backward algorithm over ambiguous part-of-speech tags ), beam-
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Auli, Michael and Lopez, Adam
Conclusion and Future Work
Such diverse topics as machine translation (Dyer et al., 2008; Dyer and Resnik, 2010; Mi et al., 2008), part-of-speech tagging (Jiang et al., 2008), named entity recognition (Finkel and Manning, 2009) semantic role labelling (Sutton and McCallum, 2005; Finkel et al., 2006), and others have also been improved by combined models.
Experiments
We supply gold-standard part-of-speech tags to the parsers.
Experiments
Next, we evaluate performance when using automatic part-of-speech tags as input to our parser
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Yeniterzi, Reyyan and Oflazer, Kemal
Experimental Setup and Results
The first marker is the part-of-speech tag of the root and the remainder are the overt inflectional and derivational markers of the word.
Related Work
Popovic and Ney (2004) investigated improving translation quality from inflected languages by using stems, suffixes and part-of-speech tags .
Syntax-to-Morphology Mapping
Part-of-Speech Tags for the English words: +IN -:eposition; +PRP$ - Possessive Pronoun; +JJ - Adjective; .‘IN - Noun; +NNS - Plural Noun.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Lavergne, Thomas and Cappé, Olivier and Yvon, François
Conditional Random Fields
Our experiments use two standard NLP tasks, phonetization and part-of-speech tagging , chosen here to illustrate two very different situations, and to allow for comparison with results reported elsewhere in the literature.
Conditional Random Fields
5.1.2 Part-of-Speech Tagging
Introduction
Based on an efficient implementation of these algorithms, we were able to train very large CRFs containing more than a hundred of output labels and up to several billion features, yielding results that are as good or better than the best reported results for two NLP benchmarks, text phonetization and part-of-speech tagging .
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Huang, Fei and Yates, Alexander
Introduction
Similar representations have proven useful in domain-adaptation for part-of-speech tagging and phrase chunking (Huang and Yates, 2009).
Introduction
As with our other HMM-based models, we use the largest number of latent states that will allow the resulting model to fit in our machine’s memory — our previous experiments on representations for part-of-speech tagging suggest that more latent states are usually better.
Introduction
Past research in a variety of NLP tasks has shown that parsers (Gildea, 2001), chunkers (Huang and Yates, 2009), part-of-speech taggers (Blitzer et al., 2006), named-entity taggers (Downey et al., 2007a), and word sense disambiguation systems (Escudero et al., 2000) all suffer from a similar drop-off in performance on out-of-domain tests.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Connor, Michael and Gertner, Yael and Fisher, Cynthia and Roth, Dan
Conclusion and Future Work
The key innovation in the present work is the combination of unsupervised part-of-speech tagging and argument identification to permit leam-ing in a simplified SRL system.
Conclusion and Future Work
have the luxury of treating part-of-speech tagging and semantic role labeling as separable tasks.
Introduction
By using the HMM part-of-speech tagger in this way, we can ask how the simple structural features that we propose children start with stand up to reductions in parsing accuracy.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper:
Snyder, Benjamin and Barzilay, Regina
Conclusions and Future Work
In the future, we hope to apply similar multilingual models to other core unsupervised analysis tasks, including part-of-speech tagging and grammar induction, and to further investigate the role that language relatedness plays in such models.
Experimental SetUp
The accuracy of this analyzer is reported to be 94% for full morphological analyses, and 98%-99% when part-of-speech tag accuracy is not included.
Related Work
Hana et al., (2004) demonstrate that adding such statistics from an annotated Czech corpus improves the performance of a Russian part-of-speech tagger over a fully unsupervised version.
part-of-speech tags is mentioned in 3 sentences in this paper.
Topics mentioned in this paper: